Questions put the auxiliary before the subject: Are you tired? Can she swim? If there's no auxiliary, add do / does / did: Do you like it? Where did you go? The order is question word → auxiliary → subject → main verb. Exception: when the question word is the subject, there's no do: Who called you?
Where did you go last night?
The auxiliary moves in front of the subject. With no auxiliary in the sentence, did brings one in.
| With be | Are you ready? Where is she? |
|---|---|
| With an auxiliary | Have you finished? Can you help? |
| With other verbs | Add do / does / did: Does she work here? Did you see it? |
| Wh- questions | Question word first: Where do you live? What are you doing? |
| Subject questions | No do: Who lives here? What happened? |
Do you like jazz?
Auxiliary, then subject, then the main verb.
What are you doing?
The question word comes first, then the same order as a yes/no question.
When did you arrive?
Did carries the past, so the main verb goes back to its base form: arrive, not arrived.
Who called you?
Here who is the subject (someone called you), so there's no do and no change of order.
Common expressions worth learning as they are.
Where _____?
The sentence skeleton, and every word-order lesson.
Paste an email or an essay. Clarigram marks the mistakes you actually make, shows the rule behind each one as a picture, and builds your practice from them.
Because who is the subject: someone called you, and you're asking who. When the question word is the object (you called someone), you need did: Who did you call?
In casual speech, yes, with rising intonation, to check something you expect. In writing and exams, use question order: Are you coming?